When people are required to learn a new skill, they will generally defer their attention and copy the actions of individuals highest in prestige. Importantly, studies have found strong evidence that social learning is a strong mediating factor between prestige and attention 4, 11, 12, 28, 29. Prestige based status emerged comparatively later in evolution, and it is based on more abstract and less physically-discernable dimensions 4, 22, 27. squarer jaw) 24, 25, 26.Ĭonversely, prestige based status is attained through skill, knowledge, respect, and success 11, 17. According to the dual model, dominance is an evolution-based early pathway for status attainment, which exists in nonhuman species 23, for which the antecedents are reflected in readily perceivable physical indicators such as a masculinised and matured face (e.g. Dominance based status is also conceptually separable from power and aggression 22. control over resources or outcomes) or the use of fear to attain status, produced through intimidation, manipulation, and coercion 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21. Dominance based status is characterised by either social dominance (i.e. Henrich and Gil-White’s 4 dual model of social hierarchy suggests that status can be attained through either dominance or prestige based pathways. For example, low status individuals will often defer decisions to their higher status counterparts and in turn benefit from social learning 4, 11, 12, while high status individuals benefit from deference from others, preferential resource distribution, and perceived competence 3, 13, 14, 15. Moreover, social status has a variety of behavioural consequences. Social status hierarchies are ubiquitous across cultures 7, age groups 8, and even many animal species 9, 10. One of the most important dimensions is “social status” – a construct based on the perceived levels of certain traits or ‘valued dimensions’ such as physical strength, salary, or academic achievement 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Humans often rank peers hierarchically based on a wide array of dimensions and constructs 1. These findings challenge our current understanding of the impact of social status on attentional competition. We attribute our results to the workings of comparatively early processing stages, separate from those mediating spatial attention shifts, which are tuned to physical features associated with low dominance. We also observed no effects of manipulating prestige on attentional bias.
#SOCIAL STATUS SERIES#
Results from a series of studies consistently indicated that participants were biased towards allocating attention to low- relative to high- dominance faces. To address this issue, we used an attentional blink paradigm to explore non-spatial attentional biases in response to face stimuli varying in dominance and prestige. However it is not known if social status biases allocation of attentional resources to competing stimuli.
Individuals high in either of these status pathways are known to more readily attract gaze and covert spatial attention compared to their low-status counterparts. Social status can be attained through either dominance (coercion and intimidation) or prestige (skill and respect).
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